Thursday, July 16, 2020
Celebrate Optimism Month in March
Celebrate Optimism Month in March Happiness Print Celebrate Optimism Month in March Optimism Month can bring many benefits By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 12, 2018 Tim Robberts/Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Although March is Optimism Month, any month can be an opportunity to build your tendency toward grounded optimism, and reap the many benefits that come from this. Optimism is associated with many benefits in life, including increased health, happiness, and longevity. Although a tendency toward optimism is partially due to inborn factors like openness to experience and agreeableness, optimistic thinking patterns can be developed any time during your life and can bring big benefits with them. Focusing on developing these thinking habits may take a little time, so focusing on them over the course of a month can help you to make this a lifelong habit. Lets look a little closer on why its worth taking the time and effort to do this. How Optimism Benefits You People often wonder if those who are optimistic are only more likely to expect the best because they havent been disappointed by setbacks in life enough yet. Or perhaps they are happier because they already have more to be happy about. However, research finds that those who are optimistic tend to have more to be happy about because of benefits that they gain from their optimism, and not that they are merely more optimistic because they have had easier lives. This is great news because it opens up the benefits of optimism to anyone who wants to change their perspective. These benefits include greater success, physical and emotional health, and longevity, less stress, and more. Why Celebrate Optimism Month? While you can focus on optimism any time from moment to moment and improve your outer and inner experience, focusing on optimism for a full month can really help you to make it more of an established part of your life. This is true for several reasons: Optimism is about more than looking on the bright side. Becoming more of an optimist may involve examining your current thinking patterns, deciding on new perspectives to adopt, developing new habits, and other actions. This can take time.Habits take time to develop, whether were talking about habits of thought or about lifestyle habits. Both types of habits can help you to be more of an optimist, so it helps to give yourself a few weeks to cement these new aspects of your life.Some changes may work better for you than others. If you spend a month focusing on making optimism-supporting changes in your life, this gives you time to try and discard a few things before you settle on the changes that will work best for you. (This is true whether youre focusing on optimism, happiness, stress relief, or anything else that requires change.) How to Celebrate There are several ways to celebrate Optimism Month and make it work for you to the fullest. Remember, March is the official Optimism Month, and you can use the momentum of a group by joining with others in celebrating optimism if you observe it in March. However, you are welcome to make any month the month that you focus on optimism (or begin focusing on optimism more), and you can even recruit friends to join you, so dont let the date limit you. As for what, specifically, you can do to celebrate, here are some ideas, each of which can be transformative: Learn about what optimism is and isnât. This will make it easier for you to know what direction you should be moving toward.Examine your habitual thought patterns, and see what you can change.Develop optimism-enhancing habits: maintain a gratitude journal, a coincidence journal, or a vision board.Look back and re-examine your past with more optimistic eyes.Practice other everyday optimism habits.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Socrates on Life, Death and the Afterlife - 1419 Words
BD Socratesââ¬â¢ views of death as represented in ââ¬Å"The Trial and Death of Socratesâ⬠are irrevocably tied to his beliefs of what makes life significant. For Socrates, life must be examined through constant questioning and one must hold the goodness of life above all else. Consequently, even in the face of the un-good, or unjust in Socratesââ¬â¢ case as represented in his trial, it would not be correct to do wrong, return wrong or do harm in return for harm done. Therefore, no act should be performed with an account for the risk of life or death; it should be performed solely on the basis of whether it is good and right. Throughout the Apology, Crito and Phaedo, Socrates expresses his conceptions of death and the afterlife, which are reflectedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Oneââ¬â¢s main concern in life was doing what is just and pious. He explains that if a man is good he cannot be harmed in either life or death. Socrates conducted his defense in a way that upheld his beliefs on the significance of life. He explains that if he ââ¬Å"would much rather die after this kind of defense than live after making the other kind.â⬠38e. The other kind of defense being one in which he did not obey the gods. Such as if they acquitted him on the terms in which he did not practice philosophy, he stated he would ââ¬Å"obey the god rather than you, and as long as I draw breath and am able, I shall not cease to practice philosophy.â⬠29d. Socrates, even in the face of his own mortality, is consistent in his moral beliefs. Socrates believed that death was a good thing and did not just happen of itself in his case. ââ¬Å"it is clear to me that it was better for me to die now and to escape from trouble. That is why my divine sign did not oppose me at any point [throughout my defense]. 41d. In the Phaedo, moments before his death he explains to Crito that he doesnââ¬â¢t see the point in prolonging his death by waiting to drink the poison. He believed that it would be ââ¬Å"ridiculous in my own eyes for clinging to life, and be sparing of it when there is none left.â⬠117a. Socrates completely accepted his death. He believed death is a cure for the ills of life as stated in his last words. ââ¬Å"Crito, we owe a cock to Ascelepius; make this offering to himShow MoreRelatedEssay about Socrates vs Gilgamesh1173 Words à |à 5 Pages2011 Socrates Vs. Gilgamesh Socratesââ¬â¢ view of death in the Phaedo, Crito, an d Apology is complex. His argument tries to prove that philosophers, of all people, are in the best state to die or will be in the best state after life because of the life they lead. Socratesââ¬â¢ views are sharply contrasted in The Epic of Gilgamesh. In fact, he would probably say that Gilgamesh had not lived the proper kind of life and his views of life, and death would lead to an unsettled existence in the afterlife. Socratesââ¬â¢Read MorePlatos Views on Life after Death1388 Words à |à 6 PagesPlatos views on life after death were manifold, and developed over time as an examination of a bevy of his literature readily indicates. However, during all phases of his writing he does demonstrate that there is in fact life after physical death, which is widely attributed to his notion of the soul. Plat always viewed the soul as an entity that was distinct from the physical body. Moreover, while the physical body was destined to die, the soul was enduring, interminable, and dest ined to go on somewhereRead MoreThe Body And The Soul1153 Words à |à 5 PagesAn Analysis of the Distinctions of the Body and the Soul in the Philosophy of Socrates This philosophical study will define the distinctions of the body and the soul as defined in the philosophy of Socrates. In the Phaedo, Socrates defines the important distinction between the â⬠visibleâ⬠body and the ââ¬Å"invisibleâ⬠substance of the soul. Socrates defines the temporal and changing nature of the visible body, which is impermanent. In contrast to this view, the soul is a higher form of incomposite energyRead MoreThe Apology: The Understanding of the Soul in Life and Death Essay1735 Words à |à 7 Pagessynopsis of each major theme, with an analysis and my opinion following, and ending with the question of Socrates own death. Firstly, Plato introduces the important concept that it is far worse for one to do wrong than to suffer wrongdoing. Socrates, refusing to be harmed by Meletus, believes that ââ¬Å"it is not allowed that a good man be injured by a worseâ⬠(pg. 41). Despite Socrates impending death or banishment, he does not think that these are the worst possible situations and still goes on toRead MoreAnalysis Of Friedrich Nietzsche s Twilight Of The Idols 1179 Words à |à 5 Pagesto speak of human nature is the Greek philosopher Socrates. Socrates finds disparity within human nature and knowledge. Both philosophers examine life and its characteristics and what it means to live. However, their opinions on life and how a person should carry their lives is extremely disparate. In Twilight of the Idols Nietzsche emphasizes that the Christian Church is a false idol. He dares to say, ââ¬Å"..God to be an enemy of life..â⬠and, ââ¬Å"Life ends where the ââ¬Ëkingdom of Godââ¬â¢ begins..â⬠becauseRead MoreArgument Paper Platos Apology1351 Words à |à 6 PagesAPOLOGY: DEFENSE OF SOCRATES PLATO 40C-41C PHILOSOPHY 2010 20 SEPTEMBER 2011 WALTER A. JENKINS JR Plato once said, ââ¬Å"No one knows whether death, which People fear to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good.â⬠Throughout the history of mankind, man has been fascinated with the mystery surrounding death. For many it is a phenomenon which is feared and for others it is a salvation from the misery and suffering of everyday life. In Platoââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Apologyâ⬠, Socrates has been sentencedRead MoreEssay about Dont Be Afraid to Die in Socrates Phaedo741 Words à |à 3 Pagesthe course of the Phaedo, Socrates argues that the soul is immortal. Because he believes that his soul will live on forever, Socrates claims that he is not afraid to die. Socrates was sentenced to death and due to the fact that he took the poison earlier than when was necessary, many believe that he committed suicide. Contrary to what may be presumed about Socratesââ¬â¢ death, I will argue that he is a martyr and did not commit suicide. Suicide is defined as taking oneââ¬â¢s life for the sake of oneselfRead MoreDeath, Morality, And The Afterlife919 Words à |à 4 PagesThe idea the death, morality, and the afterlife have gradually changed through history. Death has an unavoidable and unpredictable nature. The conceptualization of death and what happens to a person when they die is perplexing to understand. Humans tend to fear the things in which they cannot begin to explain. No one person exactly knows for sure what to expect once they leave this world. So, we have established religion and science in an attempt to allow us to wrap our heads around this idea. EventuallyRead MoreSocrates : The Fear Of Death1717 Words à |à 7 PagesPhil 10200 Cai 06/16/2017 Socrates on The Fear of Death In Platoââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Apologyâ⬠, Plato captures the arguments that Socrates makes about death. Socrates attitude towards the fear of death was a thought or imagination based on the limitation of our knowledge for we do not know about the truth of something without experiencing, and not on its facts. Socrates believes people should not fear death, and he calls the fear of death to be false wisdom. This statement Socrates proves it based on the followingRead MoreLenses of Education 1051 Words à |à 4 PagesEducation is a main factor that Socrates discusses throughout his trial in the ââ¬Å"Apologyâ⬠and in ââ¬Å"Meno.â⬠One of the main factors discussed in both texts are the role of teachers in society and if Socrates is a teacher. Socrates also relates past stories or experiences when giving his dialogues. This allows him to explain his thoughts and reasons on certain topics. One final factor that plays a role in both the ââ¬Å"Apologyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Me noâ⬠is the role of the gods through the dialogues. Teachers, stories,
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Target Market And Competitive Analysis Essay - 3169 Words
Target market and competitive analysis It specifies the person who are the main source of income or via whom the business is growing and becoming successful. It means the customers who are likely to buy the product. One should consider numerous steps while considering the target market for the products. It can be divided into following categories: Demographic: It specifies the gender, income and education. In this category the people who are well educated and have knowledge about good and bad products come. In terms of our product, it is launched in China so it will target the educated people of China who believe in quality and standard. Furthermore, females love pets more as compare to men so the other approach will be to target the women of China by giving the best quality and standard of petsââ¬â¢ food in China market. The good influence on one woman will impact the other women of the society because this gender is the most friendly and information provider gender because information from one woman to other woman transfers very fast. Instead of this the Butch Pet food will target the high income people of China because they love to keep the pets in their houses and farms so by giving promotions and good quality the high income people will be targeted for sale in China. Geographic: It means to target the people on the basis of region, city size and climate. The climate of China is good for Pets so it is a advantage for the Butch company to sell the product over there becauseShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis : Target Corporation Essay1745 Words à |à 7 PagesTarget Corporation is known worldwide as a large retail chain that brings in millions of dollars each fiscal year. 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The role of human resources management in employee motivation Free Essays
Introduction Human resource management (HRM) is a strategic and coherent approach for the management of an organizationââ¬â¢s most precious assets ââ¬â the employees working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business. The term ââ¬Å"human resource managementâ⬠and ââ¬Å"human resourcesâ⬠(HR) have strongly replaced the term ââ¬Å"personnel managementâ⬠as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organization. In very simple words, HRM means employing people and developing their capacities and utilizing and maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational needs and requirements. We will write a custom essay sample on The role of human resources management in employee motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Human resources management includes several processes and stages. Both Together they are supposed to reach the above mentioned targets and goal. These processes can be carried on in an HR department, but some of the tasks and jobs can also be outsourced or performed by line managers or the other departments. When effectively performed they provide significant outstanding economic benefits to the organization. Human resources management presses and stages are: Workforce planning Recruitment (sometimes separated into attraction and selection) Induction, Orientation and Onboarding Skills management Training and development Personnel administration Compensation in wage or salary Time management Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Payroll (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Employee benefits administration Personnel cost planning Performance appraisal Labor relations How Human Resource Management plays an important rule in employee motivation? Employee motivation To be able to have a good effective workforce and to encourage and motivate them to give and do their best while at work it requires attention to all of the financial and also psychological and even physiological rewards offered by the organization as a non stop continuous exercise. The Basic financial rewards and conditions of service example working hours per week are determined externally by the national bargaining or government minimum wage legislation departments in many occupations but as much as 50 per cent of the gross pay of the manual workers is often the result of local negotiations and details example which particular hours shall be worked of conditions of service are often more important than the basics. Hence there is scope for financial and other motivations to be used at all levels. As the staffing needs will vary with the productivity of the employees (and the industrial peace achieved) so good personnel policies are desirable. The latter can depend upon other factors (like environment, welfare, workforce benefits and so on but unless the pay rat is accepted as a fair and just there will be no good motivation. Also the technicalities of payment and other systems may be the concern of others; the outcome of them is a subject of a great concern to human resource management. Increasingly the influence of behavioral science discoveries is becoming important not merely because of the widely acknowledged limitations of money as a motivation factor, but because of the changing mix and the nature of tasks example more service and professional jobs and far fewer unskilled and repetitive production jobs. So the situation demands a better educated mobile and multi-skilled workforce is much more likely to be influenced by other things like job satisfaction, involvement, participation and so on. than the economically dependent workforce of the past. Human resource management are suppose to be acting as a source of information about and a source of inspiration for the application of the findings of behavioral science. It may be a matter of paying the attention of the senior managers to what is being achieved elsewhere and the gradual education of middle managers to new points of view on job design, work organization and worker autonomy. Leadership Skills and Leadership Behaviors A good leader must develop their leadership skills and work to demonstrate and improve many positive leadership behaviors and to eliminate all of the negative leadership behaviors. These positive behaviors must be demonstrated at all times in all situations so that it is simply how the good leader works on. Leadership development is a continuous nonstop process of personal development. Effective Leadership Behaviors So many Different leadership studies highlight the importance of effective leadership behaviors, whether they are based on under-graduates or commercial managers at every level in an organization. In short words, there are commonalities that emerge from this research time and again, which characterize positive behaviors and negative behaviors. Whilst there may be significant differences at the detailed level there seems to be a broad consensus of positive leadership behaviors: Effective project planning and management Conducts regular, effective meetings to set objectives, allocate tasks and review performance Identifying the right person for the right role Appropriate delegation of responsibility whilst retaining accountability Consults and includes others in decision-making Shows an interest in others and responding to their needs whether that is for more information, guidance, support, personal development, positive feedback or reward and recognition Takes ownership and shows commitment for solving problems or difficult/sensitive issues Direct, clear, open style of communication Considers impact before action Leads by example, showing a contagious passion and enthusiasm, engaging and motivating other CONCLUSION In conclusion Leadership behavior can help motivate team members of the workforce for the better or worse. Subordinates look to leadership for guidance, support and direction. If leadershipââ¬â¢s behavior does not match their words of encouragement, morale and motivation can be lost. Leadershipââ¬â¢s behavior is just as important as the words used to inspire subordinates. Motivation is the force behind what drives people to work more efficiently and go the extra mile. The Purpose The purpose and the reason of motivation are to inspire the workforce to take positive actions. What a leader does can motivate the workforce to respond with a desire to work harder and more efficiently. For example, if the leader is appreciative and demonstrates it with the use of words, gifts and rewards, her followers will be more motivated to remain dedicated to their work on her behalf. Leadership behavior that wins the trust from followers promotes a positive corporate culture and spurs people toward being motivated. The Method In order To be able to motivate employees the leadership behavior must expose a need in the followers and a proper solution for that need. For example if the leaders recognized that his or her followers are using outdated equipments thatââ¬â¢s frustrating to work with and replace it the followers will feel more respected and more taken care of. In turn, this makes the loyalty and dedications to the leader. The leaders who use his behavior to respond to his followers needs will result in motivated followers. The Implementation Any kind of a leader needs to perform some actions and personal behavior to inspire his workforce to motivation. This can be done by participating in a democratic leadership style where followers are included in decision making processes by encouraging comments, asking the employees some questions and taking the their suggestions and ideas with seriously and consideration. Rewarding subordinates is another behavior that leaders use to produce motivated employees. The Considerations ââ¬â Communication Skills The way a leader communicates has the ability to empower or discourage the workforce. Communication is the process of using spoken words (verbal) and nonverbal messages such as body language, facial expressions and tone of the voice to receive and send messages so The more effective a leaderââ¬â¢s communications are, the more his workforce are provided direction, purposes and satisfaction. The Considerations ââ¬â Listening Skills The leader who demonstrates an effective listening skill is able to send a strong message that he or she cares and is leading with the best interest of the team in mind. Listening skills include making mental actions, asking questions, recall the information back to the sender and responding the message. Effective listening also are able use nonverbal cues, such as body language and nodding the head, to let the other person know she is listening. References Armstrong, Michael (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page. ISBN 0-7494-4631-5. OCLC 62282248. ââ¬Å"personnel managementâ⬠. The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth Edition Ed.). Columbia University Press. 2005. http://www.bartleby.com/65/x-/X-personne.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17. ââ¬Å"personnel management ââ¬â see industrial managementâ⬠. Encyclop?dia Britannica (kl ed.). ââ¬Å"Personnel administration is also frequently called personnel management, industrial relations, employee relationsâ⬠. Encyclop?dia Britannica. Towers, David. ââ¬Å"Human Resource Management essaysâ⬠. http://www.towers.fr/essays/hrm.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17. Golding, N. (2010) ââ¬Å"Strategic Human Resource Managementâ⬠in Beardwell, J. and Claydon, T. (2010) Human Resource Management A Contemporary Approach, FT Prentice Hall Storey, J. (2007) ââ¬Å"What is strategic HRM?â⬠in Storey, J. (2007) Human Resource Management: A Critical Text, Thompson Paauwe, J. (2009) ââ¬ËHRM and Performance: Achievement, Methodological Issues and Prospectsââ¬â¢ Journal of Management Studies, 46 (1) Pfeffer, J. (1994) Competitive advantage through people, Harvard Business School Press Becker, B. and Gerhart, B. (1996) ââ¬ËThe impact of human resource management on organizational performanceââ¬â¢ Academy of Management Journal 39 (4) 779-801 Kochan, T. and Barocci, T. (1985) Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations, Little Brown How to cite The role of human resources management in employee motivation, Essay examples
Saturday, April 25, 2020
Slavery In The Usa Essays - Bleeding Kansas,
Slavery In The Usa ? Douglas hoped that northerners opposing his bill would quiet down after the bill was settled, but they became more furious ? Antislavery critics wanted to prevent slavery from gaining a foothold in Kansas ? Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company was found to help emigrants to settle down in Kansas ? hundreds of settlers moved to Kansas ? Alarmed proslavery groups also started to go to Kansas ? When a territorial legislature was elected in March 1855 over 6000 votes were counted ? ~ 5000 of these votes were illegal because most Missourians who voted were not residents ?large number of men who had been elected were proslavery ? a law was quickly passed authorizing slavery in Kansas! ? even death penalty was passed for people helping slaves to escape ? Kansans refused to accept the new legislature and set up an own government at the town of Topeka ? fighting between these two governments broke out ? weapons from the East were sent to Kansans ? Tension between these two parties started to explode when in November 1855 a Kansan were killed by a proslavery man ? On May 21st, Sheriff Jones, a proslavery, and a proslavery army marched into Lawrence and destroyed two printing presses and burned down several buildings ? A few days later John Brown and seven other men, took revenge and massacred five people (they split open their skulls and cut off some of their hands) As a result civil war in Kansas broke out
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Battle of Tarawa in World War II
Battle of Tarawa in World War II The Battle of Tarawa was fought November 20-23, 1943, during World War II (1939-1945) and saw American forces launch their first offensive into the central Pacific. Despite massing the largest invasion fleet to date, the Americans suffered heavy casualties during and after landing on November 20. Fighting with fanatic resistance, nearly the entire Japanese garrison was killed in the battle. Though Tarawa fell, the losses incurred led the Allied high command to reassess how it planned and conducted amphibious invasions. This led to significant changes that would be employed for the remainder of the conflict. Background Following the victory at Guadalcanal in early 1943, Allied forces in the Pacific began planning for new offensives. While General Douglas MacArthurs troops advanced across northern New Guinea, plans for an island hopping campaign across the central Pacific were developed by Admiral Chester Nimitz. This campaign intended to advance towards Japan by moving from island to island, using each as a base for capturing the next. Beginning in the Gilbert Islands, Nimitz sought to next move through the Marshalls to the Marianas. Once these were secure, the bombing of Japan could commence prior to a full-scale invasion (Map). Preparations for the Campaign The starting point for the campaign was the small island of Betio on the west side of Tarawa Atoll with a supporting operation against Makin Atoll. Located in the Gilbert Islands, Tarawa blocked the Allied approach to the Marshalls and would impede communications and supply with Hawaii if left to the Japanese. Aware of the islands importance, the Japanese garrison, commanded by Rear Admiral Keiji Shibasaki, went to great lengths to turn it into the fortress. Leading around 3,000 soldiers, his force included Commander Takeo Sugais elite 7th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force. Working diligently, the Japanese built an extensive network of trenches and bunkers. When complete, their works included over 500 pillboxes and strong points. In addition, fourteen coastal defense guns, four of which had been purchased from the British during the Russo-Japanese War, were mounted around the island along with forty artillery pieces. Supporting the fixed defenses were 14 Type 95 light tanks. The American Plan To crack these defenses, Nimitz dispatched Admiral Raymond Spruance with the largest American fleet yet assembled. Consisting of 17 carriers of various types, 12 battleships, 8 heavy cruisers, 4 light cruisers, and 66 destroyers, Spruances force also carried the 2nd Marine Division and part of the US Armys 27th Infantry Division. Totaling around 35,000 men, the ground forces were led by Marine Major General Julian C. Smith. Shaped like a flattened triangle, Betio possessed an airfield running east to west and bordered Tarawa lagoon to the north. Though the lagoon water was shallower, it was felt the beaches on the north shore offered a better landing location than those on the south where the water was deeper. On the north shore, the island was bordered by a reef that extended around 1,200 yard offshore. Though there were some initial concerns as to whether landing craft could clear the reef, they were dismissed as planners believed the tide would be high enough to allow them to cross. Forces Commanders Allies Major General Julian C. SmithVice Admiral Raymond Spruanceapprox. 35,000 men Japanese Rear Admiral Keiji Shibasakiapprox. 3,000 soldiers, 1,000 Japanese laborers, 1,200 Korean laborers Going Ashore By dawn on November 20, Spruances force was in place off Tarawa. Opening fire, the Allied warships began pounding the islands defenses. This was followed at 6:00 AM by strikes from carrier aircraft. Due to delays with the landing craft, the Marines did not move forward until 9:00 AM. With the end of the bombardments, the Japanese emerged from their deep shelters and manned the defenses. Approaching the landing beaches, designated Red 1, 2, and 3, the first three waves crossed the reef in Amtrac amphibious tractors. These were followed by additional Marines in Higgins boats (LCVPs). As the landing craft approached, many grounded on the reef as the tide was not high enough to allow passage. Quickly coming under attack from Japanese artillery and mortars, the Marines aboard the landing craft were forced to enter the water and work their way towards shore while enduring heavy machine gun fire. As a result, only a small number from the first assault made it ashore where they were pinned down behind a log wall. Reinforced through the morning and aided by the arrival of a few tanks, the Marines were able to push forward and take the first line of Japanese defenses around noon. A Bloody Fight Through the afternoon little ground was gained despite heavy fighting all along the line. The arrival of additional tanks bolstered the Marine cause and by nightfall the line was approximately half-way across the island and nearing the airfield (Map). The next day, the Marines on Red 1 (the westernmost beach) were ordered to swing west to capture Green Beach on Betios west coast. This was accomplished with the aid of naval gunfire support. The Marines on Red 2 and 3 were tasked with pushing across the airfield. After heavy fighting, this was accomplished shortly after noon. About this time, sightings reported that Japanese troops were moving east across a sandbar to the islet of Bairiki. To block their escape, elements of the 6th Marine Regiment were landed in the area around 5:00 PM. By the end of the day, American forces had advanced and consolidated their positions. In the course of the fighting, Shibasaki was killed causing issues among the Japanese command. On the morning of November 22, reinforcements were landed and that afternoon the 1st Battalion/6th Marines began an offensive across the southern shore of the island. Final Resistance Driving the enemy before them, they succeeded in linking up with the forces from Red 3 and forming a continuous line along the eastern part of the airfield. Pinned into the eastern end of the island, the remaining Japanese forces attempted a counterattack around 7:30 PM but were turned back. At 4:00 AM on November 23, a force of 300 Japanese mounted a banzai charge against the Marine lines. This was defeated with the aid of artillery and naval gunfire. Three hours later, artillery and air strikes commenced against the remaining Japanese positions. Driving forward, the Marines succeeded in overrunning the Japanese and reached the eastern tip of the island by 1:00 PM. While isolated pockets of resistance remained, they were dealt with by American armor, engineers, and air strikes. Over the next five days, the Marines moved up the islets of Tarawa Atoll clearing the last bits of Japanese resistance. Aftermath In the fighting on Tarawa, only one Japanese officer, 16 enlisted men, and 129 Korean laborers survived out of the original force of 4,690. American losses were a costly 978 killed and 2,188 wounded. The high casualty count quickly caused outrage among Americans and the operation was extensively reviewed by Nimitz and his staff. As a result of these inquiries, efforts were made to improve communications systems, pre-invasion bombardments, and coordination with air support. Also, as a significant number of the casualties had been sustained due to the landing craft beaching, future assaults in the Pacific were made almost exclusively using Amtracs. Many of these lessons were quickly employed in the Battle of Kwajalein two months later.
Sunday, March 1, 2020
Ancestry of Amelia Earhart
Ancestry of Amelia Earhart One of the worlds most celebrated aviators, Amelia Earhart was born in Atchison, Kansas on July 24, 1897. The daughter of a railroad company attorney, she lived with her maternal grandparents in Atchison until the age of 12. She then moved around with her family for several years, living in Des Moine, Iowa; Chicago, Illinois; and Medford, Massachusetts. Amelia saw her first airplane in 1908 at the Iowa State Fair, but her love of flying lay dormant until Christmas Day 1920, when her father took her to the opening of a new airfield in Long Beach, CA. Three days later, she took her first ride with barnstormer Frank M. Hawks. Amelia Earhart set several aviation records, including the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic, before disappearing over the Pacific on an around-the-world flight in 1937. Learn about Earharts relatives with this family tree, which is organized by generation. First Generation 1. Amelia Mary EARHARTà was born 24 Jul 1897 in Atchison, Atchison County, Kansas, to Edwin Stanton Earhart and Amelia Amy Otis in the home of her maternal grandparents. Amelia Earhart married George Palmer Putman, born 7 September 1887 in Rye, Westchester County, New York,à on 7 Feb 1931 in Noank, New London County, Connecticut. Amelia died after 2 Jul 1937 in on a pioneering flight around the world and was declared legally dead on 1 January 1939. Second Generation (Parents) 2. Edwin Stanton EARHARTà was born on 28 Mar 1867à in Atchison, Kansas to the Rev. David Earhart Jr. and Mary Wells Patton. Edwin Stanton EARHART and Ameliaà OTIS were married on 18 Oct 1895 in Trinity Church, Atchison, Kansas. After a brief separation during 1915, the Earharts reunited in Kansas City in 1916 and moved to Los Angeles, althoughà Edwin and Amy eventually divorced in 1924.à Edwin S. Earhart married a second time to Annie Mary Helen McPherson on 26 August 1926 in Los Angeles. Edwin died on 23 Sep 1930 in Los Angeles, California. 3. Amelia (Amy) OTISà was born about Marchà 1869 in Atchison, Kansas, to Judge Alfred G. and Ameliaà (Harres) Otis. She died on 29 Oct 1962 in Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, at the age of 95. Edwin Stanton EARHART and Amelia (Amy) OTIS had the following children: i. Infant EARHART was born and died in Aug 1896.1 ii. Amelia Mary EARHARTiii. Grace Muriel EARHART was born 29 Dec 1899 in Kansas City, Clay County, Missouri and died 2 March 1998 in Medford, Massachusetts. In Juneà 1929, Muriel married World War I veteran Albert Morrissey, who died in 1978. Third Generation (Grandparents) 4.à Rev. David EARHARTà was born 28 Feb 1818 on a farm in Indiana County, Pennsylvania. David studied theology and was licensed by the East Ohio Synod in 1844, eventually serving seven different congregations in Western Pennsylvania, three of which he organized, and six for which he was involved in building the house of worship. In January 1845 theà Rev. David Earhartà assisted in organizing the Pittsburgh Synod andà was known for being one of the first Lutheran pastors in the state to use the English language almost exclusively.à He and his family relocated to Sumner, near Atchison, Kansas in early 1860 where they stayed until 1873. At that point, David and Mary returned to Somerset County, Pennsylvania, and then later moved as heà served congregations in Donegal, Westmoreland County (1876) and Armstrong County (1882), also in Pennsylvania. Following the death of his wife in 1893, David moved to Philadelphia to live with hisà daughter, Mrs. Harriet Augusta (Earhart)à Monroe. His final years then found him living with another daughter, Mary Louisa (Earhart) Woodworth in Kansas City, Jackson County, Missouri, where heà died on 13 Aug 1903. David Earhart is buried in Mount Vernon Cemetery, Atchison, Kansas. 5. Mary Wells PATTONà was born on 28 Sep 1821 in Somerset County, Pennsylvania to John Patton and Harriet Wells. She died on 19 May 1893 in Pennsylvania and is buried in Mount Vernon Cemetery, Atchison, Kansas. Rev. David EARHART and Mary Wells PATTON were married on 16 Nov 1841 in Trinity Lutheran Church, Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania and had the following children: i. Harriet Augusta EARHART was born on 21 Aug 1842 in Pennsylvania and married Aaron L. Monroe about . Harriet died 16 July 1927 in Washington, D.C. andà is buried in Mount Vernon Cemetery in Atchison, Kansas.ii.à Mary Louisa EARHART was born on 2 Oct 1843 in Pennsylvania. She married Gilbert Mortiere Woodworth, who died in Philadelphia on 8 Sep 1899. Mary died 29 Aug 1921 in Kansas City, Jackson, Missouri.iii. Martin Luther EARHART was born on 18 Feb 1845 in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, and died 18 Oct 1925 in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee.iv. Phillip Melancthon EARHART was born on 18 Mar 1847 and died sometime prior to 1860.v. Sarah Katherine EARHART was born on 21 Aug 1849 and died sometime prior to 1860.vi. Josephine EARHART was born on 8 Aug 1851. She died in 1853.vii. Albert Mosheim EARHART was born about 1853.viii. Franklin Patton EARHART was born about 1855.ix. Isabella Della EARHART was born about 1857.x. David Milton EARHART was born on 21 Oct 1859. He died in Ma y 1860. xi. Kate Theodora EARHART was born on 9 Mar 1863.2 xii. Edwin Stanton EARHART 6.à Judge Alfred Gideon OTIS was born on 13 Dec 1827 in Cortland, Cortland County, New York. He died on 9 May 1912 in Atchison, Atchison County, Kansas, and is buried in Atchisons Mount Vernon Cemetery, alongside his wife, Amelia. 7. Amelia Josephine HARRES was born in Feb 1837 in Philadelphia. She died on 12 Feb 1912 in Atchison, Kansas. Alfred Gideon OTIS and Amelia Josephine HARRES were married on 22 Apr 1862 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and had the following children, all born in Atchison, Kansas: i. Grace OTIS was born on 19 Mar 1863 andà died on 3 Sep 1864 in Atchison.ii. William Alfred OTISà was born on 2 Feb 1865.à He died from diphtheria on 8 Dec 1899 in Colorado Springs, Colorado.iii. Harrison Gray OTISà was born on 31 Dec 1867 andà died on 14 Dec 1868 in Atchison.3à iv. Amelia (Amy) OTISv. Mark E. OTISà was born about Dec 1870.vi. Margaret Pearl OTISà was born about Oct 1875 in Atchison andà died on 4 Jan 1931 in Germantown, Pennsylvania.vii. Theodore H. OTISà was born on 12 Nov 1877 andà died on 13 Mar 1957 in Atchisonà and isà buried in the citys Mount Vernon Cemetery.viii. Carl Spenser OTISà was born about Mar 1881, also in Atchison. Sources: Donald M. Goldstein and Katherine V. Dillon.à Amelia: The Centennial Biography of an Aviation Pioneer. Washington, D.C.: Brasseys, 1997. Navy Ends Search for Miss Earhart,à The New York Times, 19 July 1937, page 1, col. 5. Goldstein Dillon,à Amelia: The Centennial Biography, 264.
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